AI Reading List: Historical
Below is a portion of my informal list of readings related to Artificial Intelligence (AI). This started out as a very short list created for use in conjunction with an academic presentation and has now grown much larger. Please let me know if you have any corrections, additions, suggestions, etc. It is very idiosyncratic and not meant to be comprehensive. Please feel free to share with others.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Reading List, by Philip Rubin
Historical:
W. S. McCulloch and W. H. Pitts. A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity. Bulletin of Math. Biophysics, 5, 115–133, 1943.
Norbert Wiener. Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. 1948. 2nd edition, 1961. (See: PDF).
Claude E. Shannon and Warren Weaver. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. The University of Illinois Press: 1949.
D. O. Hebb. The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory. John Wiley & Sons: 1949.
A. M. Turing. Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 49, 433–460, 1950.
John McCarthy, Marvin L. Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude E. Shannon, "A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project in Artificial Intelligence," submitted to the Rockefeller Foundation, Aug. 31, 1955, reprinted in AI Magazine, 27, no. 4, 12-14, 2006.
W. Ross Ashby. Design for a Brain: The origin of adaptive behaviour (Second Edition). John Wiley & Sons: 1960.
Frank Rosenblatt, Perceptrons and the Theory of Brain Mechanics. Cornell Aeronautical Lab Inc., Buffalo, NY, 1961, vol. VG-1196-G, 621. (See: 1961 Cornell Lab report.)
Frank Rosenblatt. Principles of Neurodynamics: Perceptrons and the Theory of Brain Mechanisms, 1962.
Pamela McCorduck. Machines Who Think: A Personal Inquiry into the History and Prospects of Artificial Intelligence. A. K. Peters, Ltd., Routledge: 2004. (See PDF.)
Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert. Perceptrons. MIT Press: 1969.
Hubert Dreyfus. What Computers Can't Do: A Critique of Artificial Reason. Harper & Row: 1972. (1st edition at Internet Archive, note that the first 6 pages are mostly blank in this PDF. Title is on page 7.)
Hubert Dreyfus. What Computers Can't Do, Revised Edition: The Limits of Artificial Intelligence. HarperCollins: 1978.
John H. Holland. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. The MIT Press: 1975 and 1992. (Introduced genetic algorithms.) (See preview.)
Joseph Weizenbaum. Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation. W. H. Freeman: 1976. (See extract.)
Stephen Grossberg. Adaptive pattern classification and universal recoding, I: parallel development and coding of neural feature detectors. Biological Cybernetics, 23, 121–134, 1976.
Stephen Grossberg. Adaptive pattern classification and universal recoding, II: feedback, expectation, olfaction, and illusions. Biological Cybernetics, 23, 187–202, 1976.
Douglas R. Hofstadter. Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid. Basic Books: 1979. (See PDF.)
Roger C. Schank and Robert P. Abelson. Scripts, plans, goals and understanding: an inquiry into human knowledge structures. Routledge: 1977. (See online version.)
Roger C. Schank and Christopher K. Riesbeck. Inside Computer Understanding: Five Programs Plus Miniatures. Routledge: 1981.
John R. Searle. Minds, brains, and science. Harvard University Press. 1984. (See, also, the Stanford Encyclopedia, "The Chinese Room Argument" entry.)
Bruce G. Buchanan and Edward H. Shortliffe (eds.). Rule-Based Expert Systems: The MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project. Addison-Wesley: 1984.
Marvin Minsky. The Society of Mind. Simon and Schuster: 1986. (See PDF.)
D. H. Ackley, G. E. Hinton, and T. J. Sejnowski. A learning algorithm for Boltzmann Machines. Cognitive Science, 9, 147–169, 1985.
J. J. Hopfield and D. W. Tank. Neural computation of decisions in optimization problems. Biological Cybernetics, 52, 141-152, 1985.
Douglas B. Lenat, Mayank Prakash, and Mary Sheperd. CYC: Using common sense knowledge to overcome brittleness and knowledge engineering bottlenecks. Artificial Intelligence Magazine, VI, 65-85, 1986.
D. E. Rumelhart, G. E. Hinton, and R. J. Williams. Learning representations by back-propagating errors. Nature, 323, 533–536. 1986. (See, also.)
David E. Rumelhart, James L. McClelland and PDP Research Group. Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition. The MIT Press: 1987. (See, also.)
Terry Winograd and Fernando Flores. Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design. Addison-Wesley. 1987.
Hubert L. Dreyfus and Stuart E. Dreyfus. Making a Mind versus Modeling the Brain: Artificial Intelligence Again at the Crossroads. Daedalus, 117, 15–43, 1988.
Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert. Perceptrons. Expanded Edition. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1988. (See preview.)
Paul Smolensky. On the proper treatment of connectionism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11(1), 1-23, 1988. (See PDF.)
Jordan B. Pollack. No Harm Intended: Book Review of: Marvin L. Minsky and Seymour A. Papert, Perceptrons: An Introduction to Computational Geometry, Expanded Edition. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 33, 3, 358-365, 1989.
Jordan B. Pollack. Connectionism: Past, Present, and Future. Artificial Intelligence Review, 3, 3-20, 1989. (See PDF.)
Douglas B. Lenat and R. V. Guha. Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems: Representation and Inference in the Cyc Project. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. 1990
Ray Kurzweil. The Age of Intelligent Machines. The MIT Press: 1990.
Hubert Dreyfus. What Computers Still Can't Do: A Critique of Artificial Reason. The MIT Press: 1992 (See PDF; see Preview.)
Pattie Maes and Robyn Kozierok. Learning Interface Agents. AAAI-93 Proceedings, 459-465, 1993. (See PDF).
Michael I. Jordan. Why the logistic function? A tutorial discussion on probabilities and neural networks. MIT Computational Cognitive Science Report 9503, August 1995.
Hal Abelson, Ken Ledeen, Harry Lewis. Blown to Bits: Your Life, Liberty, and Happiness After the Digital Explosion. First edition. Addison-Wesley: 2008. (See PDF.)
Hal Abelson, Ken Ledeen, Harry Lewis, and Wendy Seltzer. Blown to Bits: Your Life, Liberty, and Happiness After the Digital Explosion. Second edition. Pearson: 2020
John E. Laird. The Soar Cognitive Architecture. The MIT Press: 2012.
Andrew Hodges. Alan Turing: The Enigma. Updated edition. Princeton University Press: 2015.
Rodney Brooks. The Origins of Artificial Intelligence. Rodney Brook's blog, April 27, 2018.
Eliza Strickland. The Turbulent Past and Uncertain Future of Artificial Intelligence. IEEE Spectrum, Sep. 30, 2021.
Ananyo Bhattacharya. The Man from the Future: The Visionary Life of John von Neumann. W. W. Norton & Company, 2021.
Sebastian Sunday Grève. AI’s first philosopher. Aeon, July 2022.